原标题：美国高中体育品牌特色研究报告
编者按：京领研究院深度研究系列，旨在研究规律，启发实践。
01
体育对人才培养和学生发展有重要意义
【更健康】
今天的青少年接触了一系列可能会助长懒惰的娱乐渠道，例如电视、视频、游戏和其他媒体设备，但体育、锻炼和动觉活动的传统体验有助于提升青少年的身心，让孩子们保持运动和身体参与。在高中时期，青少年的身体、荷尔蒙和化学成分在不断变化；参加体育运动可以帮助青少年学习如何操纵和适应他们不断变化的身体和体能，帮助青少年减轻压力，让身体产生更多积极的天然化学物质，例如：内啡肽和肾上腺素，从而产生更稳定的情绪、积极的幸福感，并减少抑郁。[1]
【更聪明】
运动会增加流向大脑的血液，而流向大脑的血液会刺激大脑发育。参加一项运动需要参与者独立思考并制定策略，保持头脑敏锐和警觉。许多研究表明，运动可以提高我们的脑力。医学研究所的一份报告指出：与不那么活跃的孩子相比，更活跃的孩子表现出更多的注意力，认知处理速度更快，并且在标准化的学业测试中表现更好。[2]
【更集中注意力和更会管理时间】
运动需要时间和承诺, 参加一项运动需要青少年发展两项重要技能：注意力和时间管理。专注力和时间管理是能够完成事情并实现短期和长期目标的人的关键特征。
进行一项运动需要大量的时间和精力。有些人可能认为这会分散学生运动员的注意力。然而，事实恰恰相反。运动需要记忆、重复和学习——与课堂作业直接相关的技能组合。此外，一项运动所需的决心和目标设定技能可以转移到课堂上。大多数运动员通常在学校表现更好，并且更有可能参与俱乐部或社区服务。如果学生是一名运动员，他往往对学校抱有更积极的态度，学习成绩会提高，对大学的抱负也更高。[3]
【有助于塑造身份】
体育运动为学生提供了独特的身份感，这是一种积极的感受。体育是青少年在家庭之外形成身份认同的好方法。青少年为自己是运动员而感到自豪，这有助于他们确立自己的身份并使他们与同龄人区分开来。[4]
【加强个人简历】
美国大学确实偏爱全面发展的申请者。参加体育运动不仅可以充实学生的简历，而且通常会告诉招生官你纪律严明、自信并且与他人合作得很好。
【更具领导力】
领导力是一种个人特质，对许多人来说往往难以捉摸，但与个人成功密切相关。领导者站在各自领域的最前沿；他们受到尊重，而且往往很富有。领导者还促进社会变革，我们的大部分文化、社会和经济进步都是领导力的结果。[5] 积极参与体育活动可以锻炼学生的领导力，展示高中生拥有的不仅仅是成为优秀学生的潜力，同时还有领导潜力。体育培养的领导力技能包括：沟通、决策、克服逆境、自律、处理成功和失败、设定和争取目标等。体育运动的团队和竞争类似于领导者必须在世界上面对的同事和竞争企业的团队。如果想培养自己或孩子的领导能力，不妨考虑参加一项令人兴奋且具有挑战性的运动。[6]
【更好的工作和职业】
体育运动让孩子们更好地为现实世界做好准备。团队合作、社交技能、健康习惯和责任心等，都让学生未来能一个更好更成功的成年人。根据康奈尔大学的一项研究，参加体育运动的青少年培养了更强的领导能力，在团队中表现得更好，表现出更多的自信。该研究还指出：“参与青少年竞技体育‘溢出’到一个人一生中持续存在的职业优势特征。”[2]
02
美国盛行体育文化
体育在美国社会中扮演着重要的角色。[7] 体育促进了种族和社会融合，有助于构建支撑西方个体文明的集体认同，一直是西方文明和文化的一个基本特征，从古代起就以各种形式存在。在历史上一直是将国家凝聚在一起的“社会粘合剂”。它们广受欢迎，是传播正义、公平竞争和团队合作等价值观的载体。[8]
体育是美国社会的重要组成部分。商业化水平极高。与大多数其他国家不同，美国政府不为体育或体育运动提供资金。美国的职业体育市场规模约为690亿美元，比整个欧洲、中东和非洲的市场综合还要大50%。每年的超级碗，即国家橄榄球联盟年度冠军赛，多年来都是全美收视率最高的电视节目，堪称美国春晚。
在美国，体育与中等和高等教育紧密相关的程度在各国是罕见的。数以百万计的学生参加高中和大学开设的体育项目。大多数高中和大学都组织过体育运动。[9] 当美国的孩子们学会走路和说话时，他们也学会了跑、扔和踢。许多孩子在很小的时候就接触到运动，以灌输保持活跃和健康的习惯。美国的体育最终在社会文化中发挥着重要作用，使美国青年能够了解身体素质和体育精神在地方层面的重要性，并提供一个在大学、专业团队甚至全国范围内团结起来的渠道。[10]
03
美国大学看重高中生体育能力和经历
举世闻名的“常春藤联盟”(Ivy League), 设立的原意，就是体育比赛。常春藤联盟，指的是由美国新英格兰地区的八所大学组成的校际体育赛事联盟。美国大学被称为是奥运冠军的“摇篮”。美国作为传统金牌大户，参赛人员几乎都是来自全美各个大学或者曾经是各个大学体育运动的核心人物。
还记得阿甘正传(Forest Gump)的影片主人公阿甘的智商只有75，勉强读完中学，却因为惊人的跑步速度被阿拉巴马大学橄榄队教练看中，从而进入大学。
体育出色，能大大增加学术成绩优秀的学生进名校的可能性，即使学习没那么好，优秀的体育成绩也可能助学生逆袭，还有一些大学专门设立运动员奖学金，吸引体育特长生。留学申请中，有独特体育特长的学生很受青睐。另外，美国学校体育社团非常多，每年招生前会让学校招生办留意相关学生，所以拥有体育特长对于申请来说锦上添花。[11]
京领研究院选取Niche 2021年美国体育最佳学校(2021 Best Schools for Athletes in America)排行榜的前25所学校作为研究对象，深入分析了美国高中的体育品牌发展理念和支持维度。以下是排名情况及各学校的基本信息：[12]
Niche的这份榜单排名依据主要包括：学生和家长对体育运动的评论、州锦标赛夺冠数量、学生参加体育运动的比例以及学校提供的体育运动数量。数据来源主要包括：学校自行向美国教育部报告的最新数据、通过Niche合作伙伴账户直接从学校收集的数据，以及学生和家长的数百万条评论数据。具体排名指标情况如下：[13]
01
美国高中体育品牌的发展理念
经调研发现，部分学校会直接在其学校官网的体育版块(Athletics)首页展现对学生的体育培育理念，通常呈现在“使命陈述(Mission Statement)”或“体育哲学(Athletics Philosophy)”中。在所调研的25所学校中，有14所学校直接展现了学校的体育培育理念。通过提取这些理念表述中的关键词，京领研究院制作了以下图表，以清晰展现美国高中在发展学生体育运动时都注重哪些理念。
通过图表可以看出，培养学生的“团队合作精神”出现次数最多，这是美国高中普遍会强调的理念，在体育运动中也是最基本的原则。其次是强调体育运动能促进学生“对自我的认知”，包括培养“自我意识”“自尊”“自爱”、鼓励学生“超越自我”以“发挥自我价值”，增强“自豪感”。出现次数并列排第三的有三组关键词，说明美国高中也非常重视发展学生的“体育精神”，提升学生的“身体素质”，帮助激发学生的“运动潜能”。排在第四的是“互相尊重/支持/关爱”，说明美国高中强调学生在体育运动或比赛中不仅要自尊，自爱，还要尊重、爱护他人，比如队友、教练，以及竞争对手。排在第五并列有4组，说明美国高中要求学生首先保证“学业”，不能让参与体育运动影响了学习；同时，强调以“品格”竞争。剩下的理念关键词虽然出现次数少，但也能反映出美国高中在培育学生体育素养时所持有的观点。
以下为部分学校的完整理念表述，可以看出美国高中对发展学生体育运动的重视程度：
波士顿学院高中体育部坚持以下五条理念：
-积极成长：学生运动员应能接纳外部观点，在追求卓越的过程中不断成长。教练会回顾每个赛季，关注运动员在整个赛季中是否有所进步，是否理解所进行的比赛。
-增强才干：学生运动员要时刻谨记学业是第一位的，要首先做到课堂表现出色。同样，在运动场上学习也很重要。学生运动员和教练在体育活动中学习相关知识，也能获得成长。
-保持同理心：所有运动员要理解并牢记“Man for Others”的校训；要尊重教练、队友、裁判和对手，获得全面发展，理解体育精神。
-创造友爱的环境：对团队来说，健康的环境就是互相尊重和支持的环境。团队成员的互相尊重和敬重利于营造一种积极的氛围。
-坚持公平：每次比赛的结果要坚持公平性，符合学校的整体利益。[14]
在克里斯多夫·哥伦布高中，体育运动是学习和校园生活不可或缺的一部分。学校鼓励学生运动员在牢记自律、团队合作和体育精神的前提条件下，不断超越自我，赢得胜利。[15]
拉塞尔学校指出体育运动让学生有机会通过训练、体能锻炼和良性竞争进一步提高身体素质，还能通过比赛策略和体育运动的复杂性提高思维敏捷性大佬们都在玩{精选官网网址: www.vip333.Co }值得信任的品牌平台!。同时，通过在体育运动中培养学生的责任感、韧劲和自我意识可以帮助学生学习如何发挥自我价值并做出建设性的贡献。[16]
大教堂天主教高中表示学生在体育运动中会学到团队合作、纪律和领导力，裨益终身。学校的体育项目强调技能发展、团队合作、身体素质，以及最重要的体育精神。学校旨在为学生提供团队协作的机会，让学生在竞争激烈的舞台上磨练身心。学校同时也强调学业和体育运动需要齐头并进，要求学生必须达到并保持2.0的GPA才能加入运动队。学生通过体育运动所学将成为他们现在和未来走向成功的基石。[17]
圣爱德华高中在学校使命陈述中提到，体育运动的教练激励每一个学生运动员挖掘并发挥自己的最大潜力，尊重队友，学习如何有效地与他人合作，尊重对手和比赛，因为这些品质的价值远远超出比赛范畴。学生的运动天赋也能为学生打开一扇大门，帮助自己进入美国顶尖院校，精进学业，继续体育生涯。[18]
冈萨加学院高中表明体育运动项目对学校的全人教育（关注学生的思想、体格和精神）非常重要，发挥着不可或缺的作用。学生参与体育运动不仅有益身心，还能培养责任感、奉献精神、团队合作能力和领导力。学校教练更是强调以品格竞争，学生通过体育运动旨在学习和体验体育精神、团队精神、韧性以及谦逊，丰富人生价值观。[19]
贝德福德高中关注学生参加体育运动时对时间的管理能力，鼓励学生走出舒适区，并提出了9条建议：[20]
① 运用任务管理工具
② 控制课外活动
③ 保证睡眠充足
④ 保持饮食均衡
⑤ 尽早完成任务
⑥ 用好碎片时间
⑦ 养成良好的学习习惯
⑧ 利用好周末时间，不断进步，而不是临时抱佛脚
⑨ 及时与老师和教练沟通
塞西纳姆高中相信体育运动可以激发学生的潜能，帮助学生培养独一无二的学校精神和自豪感。学校的体育理念和灵感是建立在我们的守护神弗朗西斯·德·塞莱斯(Francis de Sales)的不朽名言之上的——“没有什么比温柔更强大，没有什么比真正的力量更温柔。”因此，学校最看重的是学生们默默取得的个人胜利，以及通过毅力、勇气和奉献而获得的强大的人生经验。学校的教练既能激发学生的运动天赋，又能教会学生自尊、自爱，以及尊重他人、关爱他人。[21]
圣约瑟夫高中在体育部的使命陈述中表示，学校坚持全人教育，从精神上、学业上和身体上关注学生的发展，非常重视全方位的体育运动项目对学生的赋能。学校积极支持并关爱所有球队和运动员的发展，鼓励教练在所有体育活动中强调身体健康、体能训练和安全的重要性。因为，参与体育运动能帮助学生塑造社群关系、品格、正直、纪律和体育精神，提高身体素质和体育技能。[22]
02
美国高中体育品牌的发展特征
美国高中体育品牌发展有四点非常显著的特征，分别是：1）注重通过校内体育教育相关课程、校内非竞技的体育运动，以及体育运动夏令营有意识地引导学生找到自己的体育兴趣，积极参与体育运动；2）促进赛程检索、赛事传播、体育医疗等方面更加信息化，便捷化；3）适度商业化以更好地支持学校体育发展；4）重视为学生提供专业的体育医疗服务。下文将结合具体案例进行说明。
#2.1 多途径引导体育兴趣
美国高中会通过多种措施调动学生对体育运动的兴趣，最主要的方式包括：体育相关课程(Physical Education Courses)、校内运动(Intramural Athletics)、以及体育夏令营(Summer Sports Camps)。这些接触体育的途径不只是适用于初入高中的学生，对各个阶段的学生都适用，不仅能让学生学习、了解体育运动与健康的专业知识，还能让学生体验丰富多彩的运动项目，或者不断提升自己某一项体育运动的技能。
2.1.1
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体育相关课程
美国疾病控制与预防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)指出，体育教育是学校综合体育活动的基础。作为一门学术科目，其特点是基于国家体育标准，有计划且连续地开展体育课程教学。体育教育能够为学生提供认知内容和指导，帮助学生发展运动技能、知识和行为，促进体育活动和身体健康。[23] 通过调研也能发现，美国高中几乎都会提供一到两门，甚至多门体育相关的课程，比如[24] [15] [17] [25]：
2.1.2
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校内运动
校内体育运动是对竞技体育的有力补充，可以很好地帮助学生通过具有娱乐性和适当竞争性的体育活动氛围中找到自己感兴趣的体育项目。除此之外，校内运动还能帮助学生们结实趣味相投的新朋友，建立良好的友谊，增加各种体育运动的乐趣和竞争体验，甚至获得比赛奖杯和荣誉，体验胜利的愉悦。
根据一些运动的季节性和学校整体体育活动的时间安排，不同学校对校内运动的时间安排略有不同。按季节分，一般会安排在秋季、冬季、春季；按月份分，一般会在1-4月，9-12月之间进行。以下是两个典型的学校安排情况[14] [15]：
2.1.3
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体育夏令营
在初入高中时，学生可以利用暑假时间参加学校的各类体育运动夏令营。除了具备校内运动的游戏环节和比赛环节，运动营地还更侧重于让零基础的初学者、略有经验的中级水平的学生以及技能较为娴熟的高水平学生集中一段时间，在高中教练的专业指导下，学习和提升相应水平的体育运动知识和技能。美国高中举办的夏令营也欢迎其他学校的学生报名参加，因此学生们还可以结识来自不同学校的新朋友，建立更多友谊的同时扩大交际圈。
下面是大教堂天主教高中体育夏令营的其中一周营地安排信息[17]：
2021年6月21日-25日
#2.2 信息化、便捷化
在这个信息化时代，美国高中也积极地从信息化的角度推动学生体育的发展。从学校官网可以比较直观地看到三个方面的信息化举措为学生提供了极大的便捷性，包括：清晰的赛事检索系统，多样化的赛事传播媒介，简便的体育医疗信息系统。这些举措不仅有利于环保，更有助于提高各项工作的效率。
2.2.1
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赛事检索系统
美国高中学生可以由学校的官网，进入体育版块，直接检索以往各个运动队的赛事记录或未来赛事安排，一般叫做“Team Schedules” 或“Calendar”。可以查到的赛事信息包括：参赛运动员的花名册（姓名、年级、号码、位置），教练信息（姓名、头衔、电话、邮箱），比赛日期和时间，比赛性质，比赛地点（校内场地或对手学校场地，可点击地点查看路线导航），对手学校名称，以往比赛的比赛结果及数据统计等。
以下是两个学校的系统部分截图，可以直观地感受到赛事信息系统的便利性[15] [17]。
2.2.2
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赛事传播媒介多样化
提供体育赛事转播途径，能让广大球迷和体育爱好者随时欣赏他们感兴趣的赛事。美国高中也通过多种途径将学生运动员们的体育赛事进行保存、记录、转播，向公众开放。学校一般会通过合作的视频平台，结合学校官方社交媒体（Twitter、Facebook、Instagram、YouTube等），多方位展示学生运动员的精彩比赛。
比如，波士顿学院高中与高清视频播客网站维密欧(Vimeo)合作，让学生可以从学校官网直接进入Vimeo的视频播放界面，免费观看往期比赛。[14] 三一高中以及克里斯多夫·哥伦布高中都与全国高中联合会(NFHS)高中体育网建立合作伙伴关系，在线直播学生们的体育赛事，球迷只需支付很低的费用就能通过NFHS网站观看自己最喜欢的学生运动员和球队的比赛现场。[26] [15] NFHS网络(NFHS Network)是美国高中体育流媒体直播和点播的引领者。
2.2.3
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体育医疗信息系统
美国高中要求学生和学生家长在学生参加体育运动队或者加入体育俱乐部之前都必须提交身体健康表，医生签署的体检表、病史记录等信息，每学年还需要进行更新。为了保护隐私，简化流程，取代纸质文件，学校开始引进高效、便捷、环保的体育医疗信息管理系统，比如在美国高中最常用的Appryse系统。梅特德伊高中对此表示，学生如果想加入任何运动队，都必须注册Appryse账号，在系统中提交自己的体检表；还可以在这个系统上阅读并签署法律文件，授权同意并报名运动队的选拔赛。[24]
Appryse是基于网络的电子健康记录系统。家长能在线输入孩子的信息，上传或传真医生的体检表，随时更新孩子的医疗信息，随时了解孩子是否发生运动损伤或紧急情况。学校医疗处、教练和体能训练师可以随时查看学生的健康情况并及时通知能参加选拔赛的学生，或及时联系家长和医疗处，告知学生的受伤情况和所处地点，大大缩短急救反应时间。急救人员和医院急诊室也能快速获取受伤学生的基本信息及所需要的医疗记录等。[27]
#2.3 适度商业化
发展体育运动需要场地、设备、人力等多方资源的支持，因此预算一直是学校体育部所重点关注的事项。而适度的商业化能大大减轻学校的体育预算压力。美国高中的体育商业化相对成熟，比如吸引赞助商的支持、出售学校体育赛事门票、开设学校体育文化用品商店等。社会组织及个体的支持力量对高中生的体育发展起到了很好的促进作用。
2.3.1
●
吸引赞助商
体育赞助是指企业（赞助商）以体育为对象，向体育组织方（被赞助者）提供金钱、实物或劳务等支持，体育组织则以广告、冠名、专利等无形资产作为回报，实现双方互惠互利的商业活动。[28] 历史上最早记载的体育赞助就发生在美国——新英格兰铁路公司在1952年免费运送参加哈佛大学与耶鲁大学划船比赛的队员，大力宣传以吸引体育迷乘坐火车去观看比赛。[29]
如今，体育赞助在欧美发达国家发展迅猛。美国高中就会在自己学校的官网为社会企业开放提供赞助的机会，也是为了吸引赞助商支持学生的体育发展。比如，贝德福德高中为企业提供了不同的赞助级别：[20]
2.3.2
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出售学校体育赛事门票
美国高中学生体育赛事也向公众开放门票服务，学校会与知名的学校体育赛事票务公司合作，在学校官网提供订票入口，方便球迷们近距离观赏学生运动员的比赛风采，为运动员呐喊助威。支付门票是对学生运动员的一种支持，更是对学生运动员的努力和付出的尊重和认可。
比如，梅特德伊高中与GoFan合作。GoFan与上万所院校合作，售出门票超两千万张，在高中学生体育赛事票务行业遥遥领先，赢得诸多学校的信任。如果要买梅特德伊高中2021年的橄榄球季票，可以选中赛事活动后，在线预定座位。下图为一张VIP贵宾季票（贵宾A区M排101座，170.00美元）的购票图示：[24]
2.3.3
●
出售学校体育文化用品
除了出售学生运动员赛事的门票，美国高中还与运动装备定制平台建立合作，方便学生、教练、家长、球迷等从学校官网安心选购具有学校体育对标识的体育用品、以及周边商品等。制定并出售学校自己的体育文化服饰或用品不仅可以增加学生运动员的归属感、自豪感，更是一个很好的筹款途径。[30]
波士顿学院高中在运动装备定制平台SquadLocker的帮助下，创建了学校自己的即时在线体育文化用品商店(Spirit Wear Shop)。如果想购买，可以直接从学校官网进入这个线上商店选购。学校无需分散精力去运营，所有服务流程和管理均由SquadLocker完成，包括门店创建、装饰布局、商品生产、设计定制以及客户服务等。[14]
下图为波士顿学院高中线上体育文化用品店的部分界面：
#2.4 体育医疗专业化
在学生体育运动发展中，容易让家长和学校担忧的就是学生遭遇运动损伤。因此，美国高中在预防和治疗学生运动员的运动损伤方面做了充分的保障措施：聘请专业的体育医疗人员，或者与可信赖的、知名的医疗机构建立合作关系，为学生提供最专业、最及时、最安全的医疗资源，免除学生在体育运动发展上的后顾之忧。
2.4.1
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组建校内医疗团队
为了应对和预防学生运动员在训练或比赛时造成的意外损伤，美国高中会聘请有资质的体医团队为学生提供指导、治疗和咨询等运动医疗专业服务。波士顿学院高中给学生提供最好的医疗护理，帮助学生运动员彻底、及时、安全地恢复健康，重返课堂和体育活动，服务主要包括：损伤预防、识别、教育指导、治疗及康复指导。这些体育运动医疗人员都是由国家运动训练人员协会(NATA)认证，由州联邦颁发执照。除了专职人员，学校还允许相关实习生、医疗顾问和专科医生加入学校的运动医疗服务团队。[14]
2.4.2
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与校外医疗机构合作
除了聘请并组建自己的运动医疗团队，美国高中更多的是与知名的运动医疗服务机构合作，充分利用社会专业资源。比如，圣爱德华高中与克利夫兰运动健康诊所(Cleveland Clinic Sports Health)保持着良好的合作关系，能让学生运动员享受合作伙伴的专业医疗团队资源，包括顶尖的整形外科医生，运动医学医生，医生助理，物理治疗师，运动教练，注册营养师，放射科医生和运动生理学家等。[18] [31]
【小结】
综上所述，美国高中在体教融合、体医融合上的发展是成熟且先进的。除了上述特征，美国高中在发展学生体育时的其他举措也值得借鉴和学习，比如：为学生提供有资质且经验丰富的专业体育教师、体育教练，完备且专业的体育器材、场地设施，完善的教学、训练、比赛体系，稳定且多元的经费和预算支持，细致且周到的家长、学生、教练三方关系指导等。
体育运动对高中生的成长和发展有着重要意义，学生通过参加体育活动，合理安排时间，可以促进学业进步、强健体魄、缓解压力、培养领导力；不仅学生时代受益匪浅，对成年后也有长远的积极影响。有研究表明，参加体育运动的孩子比不参加体育运动的孩子更有可能获得地位更高的工作。[2]
体育品牌特色突出的美国高中，为学生配备专业的教练师资和专门的场地设施，学校设立完善的教、练、赛体系，有稳定多元的经费来源，提供周到的家长、学生、教练关系指导。然而，高中生体育也有一些发展趋势和待改进的问题。体育品牌特色突出的美国高中，在这些问题上大多数已有认识并采取了相应措施，可预测在未来，学校会投入更多精力和能量去促进发展和升级。
【让更多学生参与体育】
当今的年轻人正被引诱到只需要动动手的“活动”中，例如视频游戏、社交媒体或网上冲浪。虽然大多数13-17岁的青少年身体状况良好，但只有大约40%的青少年积极参加任何体育活动，无论是竞技性还是娱乐性。不幸的是，这种下降趋势可能会继续下去。[2] 同时，过分注重胜利作为参与的目的，导致学生的心理压力增大；对青少年身体要求过高，容易增加运动损伤的概率；缺乏对青少年体育教练员的培训，使得指导错误让孩子受挫等原因，越来越多的青少年放弃了参加体育运动的机会。尤其是女生，有大量的女生在进入青春期以后会退出体育活动。[32]
未来想发展体育品牌特色的学校及较重视学生体育的美国高中，必将花精力促进更多学生，尤其是女孩加入并持续体育运动。如配备更多的女性教练，进行更多的正面媒体宣传、加强对学生及家长的心理辅导等。
【改进理念和运动环境】
学校需努力改善孩子们参加体育运动的环境，努力引导学生形成更良好的体育理念，加强心理建设和疏导，引导快乐竞争，安全竞争，让孩子正确看待运动本身的乐趣和竞技带来的失败和挫折。也包括对家长进行一定程度的体育精神的教育；过度参与的父母不会创造一个有利于娱乐的环境；过度重视，过度竞争会给学生带来压力，并导致他们放弃体育。
与此同时，要避免过早专业化，避免压力太大，乐趣不足。在几乎每一项研究中，当孩子们被问到为什么停止玩耍时，最常见的答案之一是它不再有趣了。美国国家体育训练师协会最近发布了一份官方声明，建议孩子们尽可能推迟专攻一项运动。他们特别指出，专业化的身体需求、表现压力和缺乏休息使这些年轻运动员更容易受伤、倦怠和退出运动。[33]
【设定正确的目标】
在大多数青少年运动中，尤其是随着孩子年龄的增长，成功的唯一目标或衡量标准就是获胜。但是获胜并不能告诉你你打得有多好。尤其是在团队运动中。有时你打得很好，但对手更好。有时你打得更好，但由于你无法控制的因素而输了。当我们衡量一个孩子的个人进步、努力和个人表现时，他们会很开心。当以发展和乐趣为目的重新塑造目标时，往往可以取得非凡的成果。因此我们要逐渐与孩子一起调整唯一目标是获胜的想法，专注发展和乐趣。不用体育赛事的结果来衡量孩子的成功，而是衡量他们个人的努力、进步和乐趣。这样，他们会玩得更开心、玩的更久、进步得更快。
引导安全竞争、塑造健康的体魄和心理，培养身心皆佳的高中生，是高中体育的理想和目标。有规律、有方法、有保障的体育运动，给学生带来非常重要的身体、精神及社会利益。进一步推进体医融合、体教融合，促进体育健康和可持续发展，并结合体育数字化、智能化，如建立运动员健康管理数据库等，也是未来高中体育发展的趋势。体育是学生成长和发展的重要组成部分，强健青少年的体魄，强大他们的心智，对国家和社会的发展有重要的意义，也是致力于发展体育品牌特色的高中努力的方向和目标。
[1] Chen, Grace. "Pros And Cons of Sports Competition at The High School Level". High School Issues | Public School Review, 2021, https://www.publicschoolreview.com/blog/pros-and-cons-of-sports-competition-at-the-high-school-level.
[2] Compton, Maj, and Andi Atkinson. "7 Good Reasons Teenagers Should Play Sports". Marine Military Academy, https://www.mma-tx.org/blog/13308/7-good-reasons-teenagers-should-play-sports/.
[3] "Benefits of Sports for Adolescents". Health Care, https://www.muhealth.org/conditions-treatments/pediatrics/adolescent-medicine/benefits-of-sports.
[4] Klein, Yael. "The Benefits of Sports for Teens". Evolve Treatment Centers, https://evolvetreatment.com/blog/teen-sports-benefits/.
[5] Hopkin, Michael. "Why Sports Builds Leadership". Lead On Purpose, 2013, https://leadonpurposeblog.com/2013/04/20/why-sports-builds-leadership/.
[6] Network, KreedOn. "Learn Top 10 Leadership Skills Developed by Playing Sports - Kreeedon". Voice Of Indian Sports - Kreedon, 2021, https://www.kreedon.com/how-sports-teach-leadership-skills-quality/.
[7] "Sports in America". U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Germany, 2010, https://usa.usembassy.de/sports.htm.
[9] Battente, Saverio. "The Idea of Sport in Western Culture from Antiquity to The Contemporary Era [Hardback]". Vernon Press, 2020, https://vernonpress.com/book/1002.
[9] "Sports in The United States". Wikipedia, 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_in_the_United_States. Accessed 24 Aug 2021.
[10] "SOCIETY's CULTURE: Sports in America". Le Mauricien, 2012, https://www.lemauricien.com/le-mauricien/societys-culture-sports-america/126235/.
[11] "为什么美国大学崇尚体育，尤其喜欢录取体育好的学生？". 京领新国际 | 微信公众平台, 2021, https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/hSxOqnSbMhmo5YSLje8Sjg.
[12] "2021 Best Schools for Athletes in America". Niche, https://www.niche.com/k12/search/best-schools-for-sports/. Accessed 23 Aug 2021.
[13] "The Best High Schools for Athletes Methodology". Niche, 2021, https://www.niche.com/about/methodology/best-public-high-schools-for-sports/. Accessed 23 Aug 2021.
[14] “Athletics.” BC HIGH, 27 Oct. 2020, www.bchigh.edu/education/athletics/.
[15] “ATHLETICS PROGRAM.” Christopher Columbus High School, www.columbushs.com/athletics.
[16] “Rams Athletics.” La Salle Academy, www.lasalle-academy.org/athletics.
[17] “Athletics Department.” Cathedral Catholic High School, 12 Aug. 2019, www.cathedralcatholic.org/athletics.
[18] “St. Edward Eagles.” St. Edward High School, www.stedwardeagles.com/.
[19] “ATHLETICS.” Gonzaga College High School, www.gonzaga.org/athletics.
[20] “Athletics.” Bedford High School, sites.google.com/bedfordnhk12.net/bedfordbulldogsathletics/home.
[21] “Philosophy | Athletics.” Salesianum School, www.salesianum.org/student-life/athletics.
[22] “Athletics - St. Joseph High School - a Tradition of Excellence.” St. Joseph High School, www.sjcadets.org/athletics/.
[23] “Physical Education.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 21 Apr. 2020, www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/physicalactivity/physical-education.htm#:~:text=Physical%20education%20is%20the%20foundation%20of%20a%20Comprehensive,to%20be%20physically%20active%20for%20a%20lifetime.%202%E2%80%934.
[24] “Athletics.” Mater Dei High School, www.materdeiathletics.org/.
[25] “Gibbons Athletics.” Cardinal Gibbons High School, www.cghsnc.org/athletics.
[26] “Athletics.” TrinityRocks, Trinity High School, 28 Aug. 2017, www.trinityrocks.com/athletics/.
[27] “Manage Your Workflow.” Appryse, NOLEDGY LLC., www.appryse.com/.
[28] “从赞助商的视角看体育赞助.” 体育赞助网, 6 Jan. 2017, www.sohu.com/a/123600114_519759.
[29] 倪宏竹. "对成功体育赞助的研究." 商场现代化, 10(2008):197-197.
[30] “Online Stores for School SPIRIT Wear and TEAM APPAREL.” Shirt Art, Inc - Online Spirit Wear Stores, onlinespiritstore.com/.
[31] “Sports Health.” Cleveland Clinic, my.clevelandclinic.org/departments/orthopaedics-rheumatology/depts/sports-health.
[32] "美国青少年放弃体育运动的原因". 今日号闻, 2021, https://www.hollyday.pub/a/202105/62539.html.
[33] Bradley, Matt. "5 Huge Problems with Youth Sports in the US". Ollie, 2020, https://www.olliesports.com/post/5-huge-problems-with-youth-sports-in-the-us.
Editor’s Notes: The in-depth research series are initiated by KingLead Research Institute. We aim to study the law and inspire practice.
【Healthier】
Today’s teens are exposed to an array of entertainment avenues that may foster laziness, such as television, video, online games, and other media devices. However, the traditional experience of sports, exercise and kinesthetic activities can help boost teens’ minds and bodies. Involvement in sporting activities keeps children moving and engaged physically, vital for their overall health and well-being. During these formative high school years, teenagers’ bodies grow and change constantly, and participation in sports can help teens learn how to maneuver and adjust to their changing body and physical abilities. In addition, a teen’s hormones and chemical makeup are constantly in flux. Involvement in sports can help the body produce more positive chemicals, such as endorphins and adrenaline, which creates more stable moods, positive feelings of happiness, and decreased feelings of depression or sadness. [1]
【Smarter】
Physical exercise increases blood flow to the brain, and blood flow to the brain stimulates brain growth. Plus, playing a sport does require students to think on their feet and strategize, keeping their minds sharp and alert. Many studies reveal that playing sports can boost our brainpower. A report from the Institute of Medicine stated: Children who are more active show greater attention, have faster cognitive processing speed, and perform better on standardized academic tests than children who are less active. [2]
【Learn to Focus and Better Time Management】
Sports require time and commitment. Playing a sport requires teenagers to develop two important skills: focus and time management. Focus and time management are crucial traits in people who get things done and accomplish their short and long-term goals.
It takes a lot of time and energy to play a sport. Some people may think it will cause distraction to student athletes. However, the opposite is true. Exercise requires memory, repetition, and learning - a combination of skills directly related to classroom homework. In addition, the determination and goal setting skills required for a sport can be transferred to the classroom. Most players usually perform better in school and are more likely to be involved in clubs or community service. If a student is an athlete, s/he often has a more positive attitude towards school, his/her academic performance will be improved and their ambition for college will be higher. [3]
【Help Shape Identity】
Playing sports affords students the unique positive benefit of identity formation. Sports are a great way for teens to form an identity outside their family. Teens take pride in the fact that they are athletes, which helps them establish their identity and differentiates them from peers. [4]
【Strengthen College Application Resume】
It is a fact that colleges do favor applicants who are well-rounded. Playing a sport will not only pad your resume, but it will also usually tell the admissions counselor that you are disciplined, confident and work well with others.
【Stronger Leadership】
Leadership is a personal trait that often proves elusive to many people, however, is intimately related to personal success. Leaders are at the forefront of their fields; they are respected and quite often wealthy. Leaders also foster social change, and most of our cultural, social, and economic progress is the result of leadership. [5] Active participation in sports activities can exercise students' leadership and show that high school students have not only the potential to become excellent students, but also the potential for leadership. Leadership skills developed by sports include communication, decision making, dealing with success and failure, setting, and striving for goals, etc. The team and competition of sports are like the team of colleagues and competitors that leaders must face in the real world. If you want to develop your own or your child's leadership, consider participating in an exciting and challenging sport. [6]
【Better Career】
According to a study from Cornell University, teenagers who played sports developed stronger leadership skills, worked better in teams, and demonstrated more confidence. The study also stated: “Participation in competitive youth sports ‘spills over’ to occupationally advantageous traits that persist across a person’s life.” [2]
Sports play an important role in American society.[7] Sport has aided in structuring the collective identities that underpin individual civilizations in the West, and, far from being a merely marginal phenomenon, it has in fact been an essential feature of Western civilization and culture from antiquity, in its various forms. Sports have contributed to racial and social integration and over history have been a “social glue” bonding the country together. They enjoy tremendous popularity but more importantly, they are vehicles for transmitting such values as justice, fair play, and teamwork. [8]
Sports is an important part of American society, which has a very high level of commercialization. Unlike most other countries, the United States government does not fund sports or related events. The market for professional sports in the United States is roughly $69 billion, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined. Nationwide, the NFL obtains the highest television ratings among major sports. Super Bowl Sunday is the biggest annual sporting event held in the United States.
The extent to which sports are associated with secondary and tertiary education in the United States is rare among nations. Millions of students participate in athletics programs operated by high schools and colleges. [9] As they learn to walk and talk, kids in America also learn to run, throw, and kick. Many children are exposed to sports at a young age to instill a habit of remaining active and fit, while also enjoying themselves. Sports in America ultimately play a large role in the society’s culture, enabling the American youth to understand the importance of physical fitness and sportsmanship at the local level, and providing an outlet to rally around universities, professional teams or even the country. [10]
03
American Universities Value High School
Students' Sports Ability and Experience
The Ivy League is an American collegiate athletic conference comprising eight private research universities in the Northeastern United States. American colleges are known as the “cradle” of Olympic champions. As a traditional gold medalist, almost all the participants in the United States come from various universities or have been the core figures of sports teams in universities.
Forrest Gump, the protagonist of the movie Forrest Gump, whose IQ was only 75, barely finished high school, but he was favored by the football coach of the University of Alabama because of his amazing running speed, and he entered the University for this unique talent.
Sports excellence can greatly increase the possibility for students with academic achievement to enter famous schools. Even if their academic record is not so good, outstanding sports achievements may help students in admission. Some universities set up athlete scholarships to attract students with sports expertise. Students with unique sports expertise are quite popular when applying for colleges abroad. In addition, American college admissions offices will pay attention to relevant students before enrollment every year, so having sports expertise is a cherry on the top for application.[11]
The KingLead Research Institute selected the top 25 schools on Niche's 2021 Best Schools for Athletes in America ranking list as research objects and deeply analyzed the development philosophy and support dimensions of athletics brand in American high Schools. Here are the rankings and basic information about the 25 schools: [12]
The Ranking is based on student and parent reviews of athletics, the number of state championships, student participation in athletics, and the number of sports offered at the school. The data is from the U.S. Department of Education along with millions of reviews from students and parents. Statistics obtained from the U.S. Department of Education represent the most recent data available, as self-reported by the schools. Niche also collects data directly from schools via their Niche Partner Account. The methodology is shown as below: [13]
01
Development Philosophy of
American High School’s Athletics Brand
According to the research, some schools directly display their athletics development philosophy on the “Athletics” column of their official website, specifically, usually in the description of “Mission Statement” or “Athletics Philosophy”. In the 25 schools, 14 schools directly show the school's athletics development philosophy. By extracting keywords from their descriptions, KingLead Research Institute created the following chart to give a clear picture of what American high schools are focusing on when developing student athletics.
As can be seen from the chart, cultivating students' “teamwork spirit” appears the most frequently, which is a concept commonly emphasized by American high schools and the most basic principle in sports. Secondly, schools emphasize that sports can promote students' “self-awareness”, including “self-esteem”, “self-love”, “exceeding limitations” to achieve “self-worth” and enhance “pride”. Three groups of keywords ranked third in the number of occurrences, indicating that American high schools also attach great importance to developing students' “sportsmanship”, improving students' “physical fitness” and helping to stimulate students' “athletics potential”. In the fourth place is “mutual respect/ support/ care”, which shows that American high schools underline that students should not only develop self-respect and self-love during sports or competitions but also learn to respect and love others, such as teammates, coaches and opponents. In the fifth place, there are four groups, indicating that American high schools require students to first ensure their “academic” standings and not allow their athletic participation to affect their GPA. At the same time, schools stress competition by “character”. Although the remaining keywords appear less frequently, they can also reflect the views held by American high schools in cultivating students' athletics literacy.
The following is the complete concept statement of some schools, which shows the importance American high schools attach to the development of students' athletics:
The Athletic Department of the Boston College High School stands by the following philosophy:
-Open to Growth: Student-athletes should be acceptant of other viewpoints as they continue to grow in their pursuit of excellence. Coach reviews each season to see if their athletes improved over the course of the season, and are able to learn about the game they play.
-Intellectually Competent: The student-athlete will be reminded that academics come first at BC High. Doing well in the classroom is a priority for our athletes, which is supported by our coaches. In the same regard, learning on the playing fields is also important. Student-athletes and coaches are expected to grow in their pursuit of athletic knowledge in their sport.
-Religious: As a Jesuit, Catholic school, BC High seeks to ensure that all athletes understand that the Man for Others motto can be witnessed in sports. Treating coaches, teammates, referees, and opponents with respect is crucial in the student-athletes overall development and understanding of sportsmanship.
-Loving: A healthy environment for any team is one where respect and support are encouraged. When teammates treat each other with respect and dignity, it leads to a positive atmosphere.
-Committed to Doing Justice: Many hard decisions are made by student-athletes and coaches over the course of the season. The outcome should be fair and consistent for the overall good of the school. [14]
At Christopher Columbus High School, athletics are an integral part of learning and student life. Students are encouraged to excel and win, but the principles of self-discipline, teamwork, and sportsmanship are the underlying goals of the Columbus athletic program. [15]
La Salle Academy believes that athletics provide opportunities for training, physical conditioning, and healthy competition. These not only help students develop their physical talents, but also strengthen their mental dexterity through the strategy and intricacies of the sport. Athletics can help students learn how to function effectively and make positive contributions by encouraging responsibility, fostering persistent effort, and promoting self-awareness. [16]
At Cathedral Catholic High School, students learn lifelong lessons in teamwork, discipline and leadership. Its athletic program emphasizes skill development, teamwork, physical fitness, and, above all, sportsmanship. The goal is to provide students with the opportunity to work in a team environment and test their physical skills as well as their mental skills in a competitive arena. At CCHS, academics and athletics go hand-in-hand. A student must achieve and maintain a 2.0 GPA in order to participate on an athletic team. The skills learned here will provide student-athletes with the opportunity to be successful today and in the future. [17]
At St. Edward High School, the coaches motivate every student-athlete to reach his potential, respect his teammates and understand how to work with others effectively and have respect for their opponents and the game - qualities applied far beyond the field of play. The talents of student-athletes open doors to many opportunities beyond high school as they continue their educations and playing careers at the nation’s top colleges and universities. [18]
The athletics program at Gonzaga College High School plays an indispensable role in its mission of educating the whole person—mind, body, and spirit. Students participate in at least one sport each year, providing mental and physical benefits, but also opportunities to learn accountability, dedication, teamwork, and leadership. The coaching staff at Gonzaga stresses competing with character. Through sports, students are expected to learn and experience sportsmanship, teamwork, resilience and humility to enrich their life values. [19]
Bedford High School focuses on students' ability of time management when participating in sports and encourages students to exceed the comfortable limits with nine suggestions: [20]
① Use a planner
② Limit your extracurricular activities
③ Get enough sleep
④ Eat a well-balanced diet
⑤ Get your work done early
⑥ Make use of small pockets of time within your day
⑦ Develop good study habits
⑧ Use weekends to get ahead, not catch up
⑨ Communicate with teachers & coaches
Athletics at Salesianum School have a rich tradition of helping young men realize their potential and fostering a unique sense of school spirit and pride. Its athletics philosophy and inspiration are built upon the timeless words of its patron saint, Francis de Sales who believed that “Nothing is so strong as gentleness, nothing so gentle as real strength.” What Salesianum values more than any title, win or public recognition is students quietly achieved personal victories that combine with powerful life lessons learned through perseverance, grit and a commitment to a cause greater than oneself. The coaches inspire while developing athleticism and also teach respect and love of oneself, and others. [21]
St Joseph High School believes in educating the whole student - spiritually, academically, and physically. The school recognizes the value of a comprehensive athletic program to enhance students' experiences. It supports the teams and the athletes in a positive and caring way. The coaches stress the importance of physical fitness, conditioning, and safety in all athletic activities. Athletic involvement presents the students with unique opportunities: to build community, character, integrity, discipline, and sportsmanship. Participating in athletic programs offers students the opportunity to develop physical and athletic skills. [22]
02
Development Characteristics of
American High School’s Athletics Brand
The development of the American high school athletics brand has four very significant characteristics, namely: 1) Focus on consciously guiding students to find their own sports interests and actively participate in sports through physical education related courses, intramural sports, and summer sports camps. 2) Make it more information-based and convenient in terms of schedule retrieval, sports event communication, and sports medical treatment; 3) Allow the moderate commercialization to better support the development of school athletics; 4) Attach importance to providing students with professional sports medical services. Specific cases will be illustrated below.
#2.1 Stimulate Athletics Interest in Multiple Ways
American high schools will stimulate students' interest in athletics via a variety of measures, including physical education courses, intramural athletics and summer sports camps. These ways of contacting sports are not only applicable to freshmen, but also applicable to students of all levels, which can not only enable students to learn and understand the professional knowledge of sports and health, but also increase students’ experience of different sports, or continuously improve their skills in a certain sport.
2.1.1
●
Physical Education Courses
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention pointed out that physical education is the foundation of a Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program. It is an academic subject characterized by a planned, sequential K–12 curriculum (course of study) that is based on the national standards for physical education. Physical education provides cognitive content and instruction designed to develop motor skills, knowledge, and behaviors for physical activity and physical fitness. [23] Through research, it can be found that almost all high schools in the United States offer more than one PE-related course, such as [24] [15] [17] [25]：
2.1.2
●
Intramural Athletics
Intramural athletics is a powerful complement to competitive athletics and can help students find sports they are interested in through an entertaining and appropriately competitive atmosphere. In addition, intramural athletics enable students to make new friends with similar interests, establish friendships, increase the fun and competitive experience of various sports, and even win trophies and honors, experience the joy of victory.
Different schools have slightly different schedules for intramural athletics, depending on the seasonality of some sports and the school's overall athletics schedule. By season, it is usually arranged in fall, winter, and spring. By month, it is generally carried out from January to April and from September to December. The following are two typical school calendars [14] [15]：
2.1.3
●
Summer Sport Camps
As freshmen of high school, students can use the summer vacation to participate in the school's various sports camps. In addition to the fun and slightly competitive nature of intramural athletics, the sports camp focuses more on bringing beginners without any experience, slightly experienced intermediate-level students, and more skilled high-level athletes, to learn and improve the corresponding level of sports knowledge and skills under the professional guidance of high school coaches in a period of time. The summer camps held by American high schools also welcome students from other schools to register. Students can meet new friends from different schools, build more friendships and expand their social circle.
Below is the Summer Sports Camp information for one week of the Cathedral Catholic High School. [17]：
Week of June 21 – 25, 2021
#2.2 Information-based and More Convenient
In this information age, American high schools are also actively promoting the development of student sports from the perspective of informatization. From the school’s official website, it can be seen intuitively that three aspects of informatization measures have provided students with great convenience, including: a clear team schedule retrieval system, diversified sports event media platforms, and a simpleathletics medical information system. These measures are not only conducive to environmental protection, but also helpful to improve the efficiency of all work.
2.2.1
●
Team Schedule Retrieval System
American high school students can enter the athletics section of the school’s official website to directly retrieve past sports team records or future team schedules, generally called “Team Schedules” or “Calendar”. The sports event information that can be found includes: the roster of participating athletes (name, grade, number, position), coach information (name, title, phone number, email), date and time of the game, level of the game, and location of the game (home or away; students can click on the location to view the route navigation), the name of the opponent's school, the results of the previous games and statistics, etc.
The following are some screenshots of the systems of two schools [15] [17].
2.2.2
●
Diversified Sports Event Media Platforms
By providing sports event broadcasting channels, fans and sports lovers can enjoy the student-athlete events they are interested in at any time. American high schools save, record, broadcast the sports events of student athletes and make all resources open to the public in various ways. Generally, Schools display the wonderful performance of student athletes in a comprehensive way through cooperative video platforms and the school's official social media (Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, etc.).
Boston College High School, for example, has partnered with Vimeo, a high-definition video podcast site, to give students free access to past games on Vimeo directly from the school's website. [14]Trinity High School and Christopher Columbus High School have partnered with NFHS Network to broadcast live student sports events online, allowing fans to watch their favorite student athletes and teams on the NFHS website at a very low cost. [26] [15] NFHS Network is the leader of high school athletics live streaming in the United States.大佬们都在玩{精选官网网址: www.vip333.Co }值得信任的品牌平台!
2.2.3
●
Athletics Medical Information System
American high schools require students and parents to submit physical health forms, medical examination forms signed by doctors, and medical history records before students join sports teams or sports clubs, which need to be updated every academic year. In order to protect privacy, simplify procedures, and replace paper documents, schools have begun to introduce efficient, convenient, and environmentally friendly athletics medical information systems, such as Appryse, most commonly used in high schools in the United States. Students who want to join any sports team must sign up for an Appryse account and submit their physical examination forms to the system, Mater Dei High School said. Students can also read and sign legal documents on this system to authorize and sign up for tryouts for sports teams. [24]
Appryse is a web-based system used to track medical history, contact information, and release forms for all students. Parents can input their children's information online, upload or fax doctor’s physicals to Appryse, update children’s medical information at any time, and know whether their children have a sports injury or an emergency. The school's athletics medical center, coaches and physical trainers can check the health of students at any time and notify the students who can participate in the tryouts in time, or timely inform the parents and the medical center of the students’ injuries and locations, which greatly shortens the emergency response time. The athletics medical center can also quickly obtain basic information about injured students and the medical records they need. [27]
#2.3 Moderate Commercialization
The development of athletics requires the support of multiple resources such as venues, equipment, and manpower. Therefore, the budget has always been the focus of school's athletics department. Moderate commercialization can greatly reduce the pressure on the school's budget for athletics. The commercialization of athletics in American high schools is relatively mature, such as attracting support from sponsors, selling tickets of school athletics events, and running school sports spirit wear stores. The support of social organizations and individuals has played a significant role in promoting the development of high school students' athletics.
2.3.1
●
Attracting Sponsors
Sports sponsorship refers to the business activities in which the enterprise (sponsor) provides the sponsored sports organization with financial, physical or labor support, while the sports organization returns the intangible assets such as advertisement, naming and patent to the sponsor, to achieve mutual benefit. [28] The earliest recorded sports sponsorship in history occurred in the United States. The New England Railroad offered free transportation to the Harvard-Yale boat race in 1952, in an effort to lure sports fans to watch the game by train. [29]
Nowadays, sports sponsorship is developing rapidly in developed countries, especially in Europe and America. American high schools provide sponsorship opportunities on their official websites for social enterprises to support student athletics development. Bedford High School, for example, offers different levels of sponsorship for corporations: [20]
2.3.2
●
Selling Athletics Event Tickets
American high school student athletics events also open ticket services to the public. The schools cooperate with well-known ticketing companies for school sports events, provide ticket booking portals on the school’s official website so that fans can watch student athletes’ games closely and cheer for them. Paying for tickets is not only an important way to support student athletes, but respect and recognition of student athletes' efforts and dedication.
For example, Mater Dei High School cooperates with GoFan who has served many schools, colleges and universities, and sold more than 20 million tickets, and is a leader in the ticketing industry for sports events for high school students and has won the trust of many schools. If fans want to buy a 2021 football season ticket from Mater Dei High School, just select the ticket and book it on the school’s website. The picture below shows a VIP season ticket (Row M - Seat 101, VIP area A, US$170.00): [24]
2.3.3
●
Selling School Sports Spirit Wear
In addition to selling tickets of student athlete events, American high schools also cooperate with sports equipment customization platforms to facilitate students, coaches, parents and fans to buy school sports spirit wear from the school's official website, which can not only increase the sense of belonging and pride of student athletes, but also a good way to raise funds. [30]
Boston College High School has created its own instant online Spirit Wear Shop with the help of SquadLocker, a sports gear customization platform. One can go to the online store directly from the official website of the school. All services are handled by SquadLocker, including store creation, decor layout, merchandise production, design customization and customer service. [14]
Below is part of the interface of Boston College High School's online sports store：
#2.4 Specialization of Athletics Medicine
In the development of student athletics, it is easy for parents and schools to worry about students' sports injuries. Therefore, American high schools have taken adequate safeguard measures to prevent and treat student athletes’ sports injuries: hiring professional athletics trainers and doctors, or establishing partnerships with trusted and well-known medical institutions to provide students with the most professional, timely and safe medical resources and eliminate students' worries in the development of athletics.
2.4.1
●
Establish Intramural Medical Team
In order to deal with and prevent accidental injuries caused by student athletes during training or competition, American high schools employ qualified sports medicine teams to provide students with professional sports medicine services such as guidance, treatment and counseling. Boston College High School provides student athletes with the best medical care for a return to the classroom and athletic participation in a thorough, timely, and safest manner possible. It provides services that include injury prevention, recognition, education, treatment, and rehabilitation. The BC High Athletic Training Staff is composed of Athletic Trainers who are board-certified by the National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA), are licensed by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and are under the direction and guidance of the Boston College High School team orthopedic physician. Supplemental healthcare providers include Athletic Training Students (interns) and a host of medical consultants and sub-specialists. [14]
2.4.2
●
Cooperate with Professional Sports
Medicine Institutes
In addition to hiring and forming their own sports medical team, American high schools often cooperate with well-known sports medical service organizations to make full use of social professional resources. For example, St. Edward High School maintains a good cooperative relationship with Cleveland Clinic Sports Health, which allows student athletes to enjoy the professional medical resources of the partners, including top orthopedic surgeons, sports medicine physicians, physician assistants, physical therapists, athletic trainers, registered dietitians, radiologists and exercise physiologists to keep athletes in the game. [18] [31]
【Section Conclusion】
To sum up, American high schools are mature and advanced in the integration of athletics with education, and with medicine. In addition to the above characteristics, other measures taken by American high schools in developing student athletics are also worth learning, such as: providing students with qualified and experienced athletics teachers and coaches, complete and professional sports equipment, venues and facilities, perfect teaching, training and competition system, stable and diversified funding and budget support, meticulous and thoughtful relationship handbook for parents, students, and coaches, etc.
Sports are of great significance to the growth and development of high school students. By participating in sports activities and managing time reasonably, students can promote academic progress, strengthen their physique, relieve pressure, and cultivate leadership. It not only benefits children from being a student, but also has a long-term positive impact on adulthood. Here are studies indicating that girls and boys who played sports are more likely to land higher-status jobs than those who did not. [2]
American high schools with sports brand characteristics are equipped with professional coaches, teachers and special venues and facilities for students. The school has established sophisticated teaching, training and competition system, stable and diversified sources of funds, and provides thoughtful guidance on the relationship among parents, students, and coaches. But still, high school students' athletics also has some development trends and conditions to be improved. Most American high schools with sports brand characteristics have recognized these problems and taken corresponding measures. We can say that in the future, the schools will put in more time and energy to promote development and upgrading.
【Let more students participate in sports.】
It’s a bit unsettling to know that while most teens ages 13-17 are physically able, only about 40 percent of them are active in any sports activity, competitive or recreational. Unfortunately, the downward trend may likely continue because today’s young people are being lured into “activities” that require only the movement of a hand, such as video games, social media, or web surfing.[2] Many participants withdrew from the youth sports midway, the reasons may include too much emphasis on winning takes the victory as the purpose of participation, leading to increased psychological pressure; excessive demands on adolescents’ bodies have led to an increased chance of sports injuries; the lack of training for youth sports coaches has resulted in a situation where children are frustrated by guidance mistakes. Especially for girls, many girls withdraw from sports activities after entering puberty. [32]
In the future, schools that want to develop sports brand characteristics will spend energy to promote more students, especially girls, to join and keep doing sports. They will provide more female coaches, more positive media publicity, and strengthening psychological counseling for students and parents.
【Improve the concept and environment.】
Schools should strive to improve the environment for children to participate in sports and guide students to form a better concept of sports, strengthen psychological guidance and counseling, lead them to happy and safe competition and correctly view the fun of sports and the failures and setbacks brought by competition. Schools will also conduct a certain degree of sports spirit education for parents; since over-participating parents will not create a rapport sports environment; excessive attention and competition will bring pressure to students and lead them to give up sports easily.
At the same time, we should avoid early specialization, which causes too much pressure and a lack of fun. In nearly every study when children were asked why they stop playing, one of the most common answers is that it’s just not fun anymore. The National Athletic Trainers Association recently released an official statement recommending that children delay specializing in a sport if possible. They specifically state that the physical demands of specialization, the pressure to perform, and lack of rest put these young athletes at a higher risk for injury, burnout, and dropping out of sports. [33]
【Set the right goals.】
In most youth sports, especially as kids get older, the only goal or metric of success is winning. Unfortunately, winning doesn’t tell you how well you played. Especially in team sports. Sometimes you play well, but the opponent was just better. Sometimes you play better but lose due to factors you can’t control. Winning is important, but it’s not always an accurate measure of performance and development. We must change this mentality and start measuring what matters. When you measure a child’s individual progress, effort, and individual performance, they have fun. Stop measuring your child’s success by the outcome of a sporting event and instead measure their individual effort, progress, and fun. If you measure those things, your children will have more fun, improve faster, play longer.
Guiding safe competition, shaping healthy physique and mentality, and cultivating high school students with good physical and mental health are the ideal and goals of high school athletics. Doing sports regularly with good methodology and safety bring very important physical, mental, and social benefits to students. Promoting the integration of sports, medical treatment, and physical education, promoting the healthy and sustainable development of sports, combined with digitization and intelligence, such as the establishment of athletes’ health management database, are also the trends of high school athletics development in the future. Athletics is an important part of students' growth and development. It is of great significance to the development of the country and society by enhancing the body and mind of teenagers. It is also the goal of high schools dedicated to developing the brand characteristics of athletics.大佬们都在玩{精选官网网址: www.vip333.Co }值得信任的品牌平台!
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[2] Compton, Maj, and Andi Atkinson. "7 Good Reasons Teenagers Should Play Sports". Marine Military Academy, https://www.mma-tx.org/blog/13308/7-good-reasons-teenagers-should-play-sports/.
[3] "Benefits of Sports for Adolescents". Health Care, https://www.muhealth.org/conditions-treatments/pediatrics/adolescent-medicine/benefits-of-sports.
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[6] Network, KreedOn. "Learn Top 10 Leadership Skills Developed by Playing Sports - Kreeedon". Voice Of Indian Sports - Kreedon, 2021, https://www.kreedon.com/how-sports-teach-leadership-skills-quality/.
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[9] "Sports in The United States". Wikipedia, 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_in_the_United_States. Accessed 24 Aug 2021.
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[11] "为什么美国大学崇尚体育，尤其喜欢录取体育好的学生？". 京领新国际 | 微信公众平台, 2021, https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/hSxOqnSbMhmo5YSLje8Sjg.
[12] "2021 Best Schools for Athletes in America". Niche, https://www.niche.com/k12/search/best-schools-for-sports/. Accessed 23 Aug 2021.
[13] "The Best High Schools for Athletes Methodology". Niche, 2021, https://www.niche.com/about/methodology/best-public-high-schools-for-sports/. Accessed 23 Aug 2021.
[14] “Athletics.” BC HIGH, 27 Oct. 2020, www.bchigh.edu/education/athletics/.
[15] “ATHLETICS PROGRAM.” Christopher Columbus High School, www.columbushs.com/athletics.
[16] “Rams Athletics.” La Salle Academy, www.lasalle-academy.org/athletics.
[17] “Athletics Department.” Cathedral Catholic High School, 12 Aug. 2019, www.cathedralcatholic.org/athletics.
[18] “St. Edward Eagles.” St. Edward High School, www.stedwardeagles.com/.
[19] “ATHLETICS.” Gonzaga College High School, www.gonzaga.org/athletics.
[20] “Athletics.” Bedford High School, sites.google.com/bedfordnhk12.net/bedfordbulldogsathletics/home.
[21] “Philosophy | Athletics.” Salesianum School, www.salesianum.org/student-life/athletics.
[22] “Athletics - St. Joseph High School - a Tradition of Excellence.” St. Joseph High School, www.sjcadets.org/athletics/.
[23] “Physical Education.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 21 Apr. 2020, www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/physicalactivity/physical-education.htm#:~:text=Physical%20education%20is%20the%20foundation%20of%20a%20Comprehensive,to%20be%20physically%20active%20for%20a%20lifetime.%202%E2%80%934.
[24] “Athletics.” Mater Dei High School, www.materdeiathletics.org/.
[25] “Gibbons Athletics.” Cardinal Gibbons High School, www.cghsnc.org/athletics.
[26] “Athletics.” TrinityRocks, Trinity High School, 28 Aug. 2017, www.trinityrocks.com/athletics/.
[27] “Manage Your Workflow.” Appryse, NOLEDGY LLC., www.appryse.com/.
[28] “从赞助商的视角看体育赞助.” 体育赞助网, 6 Jan. 2017, www.sohu.com/a/123600114_519759.
[29] 倪宏竹. "对成功体育赞助的研究." 商场现代化, 10(2008):197-197.
[30] “Online Stores for School SPIRIT Wear and TEAM APPAREL.” Shirt Art, Inc - Online Spirit Wear Stores, onlinespiritstore.com/.
[31] “Sports Health.” Cleveland Clinic, my.clevelandclinic.org/departments/orthopaedics-rheumatology/depts/sports-health.
[32] "美国青少年放弃体育运动的原因". 今日号闻, 2021, https://www.hollyday.pub/a/202105/62539.html.
[33] Bradley, Matt. "5 Huge Problems with Youth Sports in the US". Ollie, 2020, https://www.olliesports.com/post/5-huge-problems-with-youth-sports-in-the-us.
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